10,303 research outputs found
Domains and prominence in nasal harmonization of MaxakalĂ loanwords
We examine the patterns of loanword adaptation in MaxakalĂ, a Macro-JĂȘ language of Brazil, in importing loans from Brazilian Portuguese, with respect to the introduction of nasality and nasal harmony, based on a corpus of 18 speakers. Employing MaxEnt modeling of quantitative trends enabled the comparison and analysis of certain recurrent trends, even if not exceptionless, and the potentially additive effects of their interaction. The results reveal that nasal harmonization, modeled as set of markedness constraints, is greatly enforced within syllable rimes, and strongly enforced within syllables, but shows little role for syllable-to-syllable harmony, demonstrating that harmonization is preferred within tighter prosodic domains. Word-initial consonants always retain their nasality or orality from Portuguese, and stressed vowels always preserve their nasality. These latter effects uphold the role of prominent positions in maintaining contrasts within loanword phonology. The overall patterns of loanword harmonization find convergence with certain characteristics within MaxakalĂ phonology itself
Effect of folic acid supplementation in pregnancy on preeclampsia: The folic acid clinical trial study
Copyright © 2013 Shi Wu Wen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Preeclampsia (PE) is hypertension with proteinuria that develops during pregnancy and affects at least 5% of pregnancies. The Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy on Preeclampsia: the Folic Acid Clinical Trial (FACT) aims to recruit 3,656 high risk women to evaluate a new prevention strategy for PE: supplementation of folic acid throughout pregnancy. Pregnant women with increased risk of developing PE presenting to a trial participating center between 80/7 and 166/7 weeks of gestation are randomized in a 1: 1 ratio to folic acid 4.0 mg or placebo after written consent is obtained. Intent-to-treat population will be analyzed. The FACT study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research in 2009, and regulatory approval from Health Canada was obtained in 2010. A web-based randomization system and electronic data collection system provide the platform for participating centers to randomize their eligible participants and enter data in real time. To date we have twenty participating Canadian centers, of which eighteen are actively recruiting, and seven participating Australian centers, of which two are actively recruiting. Recruitment in Argentina, UK, Netherlands, Brazil, West Indies, and United States is expected to begin by the second or third quarter of 2013. This trial is registered with NCT01355159. © 2013 Shi Wu Wen et al.The Canadian Institutes of Healt
Molecular and phenotypic description of Coccidioides Posadasii sp nov., previously recognized as the non-California population of Coccidioides immitis
Coccidioides posadasii sp. nov., formerly known as non-California (non-CA) Coccidioides immitis, is described. Phylogenetic analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms, genes, and microsatellites show that C. posadasii represents a divergent, genetically recombining monophyletic clade. Coccidioides posadasii can be distinguished from C. immitis by numerous DNA polymorphisms, and we show how either of two microsatellite loci may be used as diagnostic markers for this species. Growth experiments show that C. posadasii has significantly slower growth rates on high-salt media when compared with C. immitis, suggesting that other phenotypic characters may exist.Published versio
Young peoples' views of online historical archives
Digitized collections are âa rich source of instructional material for history teachersâ [1 p314] but it has been noted these âremained largely underusedâ. There is âa growing interest in both improving the user experience and in justifying the creation of digital collections to multiple stakeholdersâ [2 p339]. Within the UK an estimated ÂŁ130m has been invested in digitisation projects [3]. Re-cent changes to the UK National Curriculum for history have placed greater emphasis upon the importance of understanding methods of historical enquiry and the use of evidence. Therefore, the digitized collections created by this investment should be a vital classroom tool. This study set out to investigate within the UK the level of awareness of these resources and their value to young learners aged 8-16 years. There were two stages to this qualitative study. Stage one was the delivery of a workshop which introduced young learners to a range of digital archives. After this the young people were given a period of time to use the online archives and explore the difference forms of historical evidence. Stage two involved focus groups with a sample of the young people during which participants were asked to discuss their end-user experience. Key findings included enhanced personal learning experience, development of a personal connection to the past, and identification of issues related to usability and practical application in a classroom learning context
Analysis of the meaning of negligence of care in the context of ethical responsibility and legal liability
2003-2004 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe
Latent tuberculosis infection screening and treatment in HIV: insights from evaluation of UK practice
Latent TB infection (LTBI) screening and treatment in HIV-positive individuals in the UK is advocated by the British HIV Association (BHIVA) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), although each recommends differing strategies. We undertook an evaluation of UK practice, relating the responses to the local HIV/TB disease burden. 162 of 188 (86%) UK geographical areas responded; only 93/162 (57.4%) offer LTBI testing with considerable heterogeneity in practice, and no difference in HIV/TB burden between areas offering testing and those who do not. Only 33/93 (35.5%) and 6/93 (6.5%) reported full compliance with BHIVA and NICE guidance respectively. A uniform national guideline is required
Treated Choroidal Melanoma with Late Metastases to the Contralateral Orbit
Choroidal melanoma is the commonest adult primary intraocular tumour,1 and usual sites of secondary spread are to liver, bone and lung. Although delayed recurrence of ipsilateral orbital melanoma is well documented, metastasis to the contralateral orbit is a rarely encountered phenomenon. We describe a case of metastatic spread to the contralateral orbit in a patient 12 years after proton beam radiotherapy of choroidal melanoma
Initial validation of Chinese Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (C-PAINAD)
2007-2008 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe
A Comparison Of New Calculations Of The Yearly 10Be Production In The Earths Polar Atmosphere By Cosmic Rays With Yearly 10Be Measurements In Multiple Greenland Ice Cores Between 1939 And 1994 - A Troubling Lack Of Concordance Paper #2
We have compared the yearly production rates of 10Be by cosmic rays in the
Earths polar atmosphere over the last 50-70 years with 10Be measurements from
two separate ice cores in Greenland. These ice cores provide measurements of
the annual 10Be concentration and 10Be flux levels during this time. The
scatter in the ice core yearly data vs. the production data is larger than the
average solar 11 year production variations that are being measured. The cross
correlation coefficients between the yearly 10Be production and the ice core
10Be measurements for this time period are <0.4 in all comparisons between ice
core data and 10Be production, including 10Be concentrations, 10Be fluxes and
in comparing the two separate ice core measurements. In fact, the cross
correlation between the two ice core measurements, which should be measuring
the same source, is the lowest of all, only ~0.2. These values for the
correlation coefficient are all indicative of a "poor" correlation. The
regression line slopes for the best fit lines between the 10Be production and
the 10Be measurements used in the cross correlation analysis are all in the
range 0.4-0.6. This is a particular problem for historical projections of solar
activity based on ice core measurements which assume a 1:1 correspondence. We
have made other tests of the correspondence between the 10Be predictions and
the ice core measurements which lead to the same conclusion, namely that other
influences on the ice core measurements, as large as or larger than the
production changes themselves, are occurring. These influences could be
climatic or instrumentally based. We suggest new ice core measurements that
might help in defining more clearly what these influences are and-if
possible-to correct for them.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure
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